Game-Based Speaking Practice for A1 Primary Learners
An Exploratory Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66836/linguatech.v2n1.udkpf1Keywords:
game-based learning, speaking skills, A1 learners, young learners, communicative practiceAbstract
Game-based speaking tasks can provide beginning language learners with repeated, purposeful opportunities to use English in a supportive classroom environment. This mixed-methods classroom study examined a six-week program for sixth-grade learners working around CEFR A1 in an Ecuadorian public-school context. Forty students completed a baseline survey; the instructional program comprised 12 meetings of 40 minutes organized into six thematic units. Activities included Simon Says, Guess Who, rapid picture description, direction-giving, role-play, and controlled oral repetition. Aggregate speaking scores increased from M = 6.77 (SD = 1.03; range = 5.67-7.95) before instruction to M = 8.96 (SD = 1.76; range = 7.98-9.94) afterward, a descriptive mean gain of 2.19 points. Criterion summaries indicated gains in pronunciation (+0.51), vocabulary (+0.75), and fluency (+0.20), while grammar changed minimally (-0.06). Baseline responses showed that 28 of 40 learners had not previously used interactive activities to practise spoken English. The findings are promising but must remain descriptive because participant counts differed across study records, individual scores and group-specific outcomes were unavailable, one criterion summary was mathematically inconsistent, and no reliable between-group analysis could be reconstructed. The program therefore provides feasibility evidence rather than proof of effectiveness. More rigorous evaluation should use a clearly defined analytic sample, parallel speaking tasks, blinded double rating, and complete participant-level data.
References
Butler, Y. G. (2011). The implementation of communicative and task-based language teaching in the Asia-Pacific region. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 36–57.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190511000122
Bygate, M. (2001). Effects of task repetition on the structure and control of oral language. In M. Bygate, P. Skehan, & M. Swain (Eds.), Researching pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing (pp. 23–48). Longman.
Cambridge University Press & Assessment. (2024). Pre A1 Starters, A1 Movers and A2 Flyers: Handbook for teachers.
Council of Europe. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment—Companion volume. Council of Europe Publishing.
https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages
de Jong, N., & Perfetti, C. A. (2011). Fluency training in the ESL classroom: An experimental study of fluency development and proceduralization. Language Learning, 61(2), 533–568.
Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments (pp. 9–15). Association for Computing Machinery.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2181037.2181040
Dixon, D. H., Dixon, T., & Jordan, E. (2022). Second language (L2) gains through digital game-based language learning (DGBLL): A meta-analysis. Language Learning & Technology, 26(1), 1–25.
https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73464
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press.
Garris, R., Ahlers, R., & Driskell, J. E. (2002). Games, motivation, and learning: A research and practice model. Simulation & Gaming, 33(4), 441–467.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878102238607
Goh, C. C. M., & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching speaking: A holistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
https://books.google.com/books?id=BUmyAAAAQBAJ
Guerrero-Altamirano, N. L. (2023). Metodologías activas y gamificación para el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico matemático en estudiantes de sexto grado: Ensayo sobre la Unidad Educativa “17 de ABRIL”. YUYAY: Estrategias, Metodologías & Didácticas Educativas, 2(1), 203-215. https://doi.org/10.59343/yuyay.v2i1.40
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x
Littlewood, W. (2007). Communicative and task-based language teaching in East Asian classrooms. Language Teaching, 40(3), 243–249.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444807004363
MacIntyre, P. D., Clément, R., Dörnyei, Z., & Noels, K. A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: A situational model of L2 confidence and affiliation. The Modern Language Journal, 82(4), 545–562.
Mogrovejo, M. (2024). Gamification and arts in the teaching of a foreign language in the 21st century. YUYAY: Estrategias, Metodologías & Didácticas Educativas, 3(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.59343/yuyay.v3i1.62
Nation, I. S. P., & Newton, J. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL listening and speaking. Routledge.
https://books.google.com/books?id=hEKJuQAACAAJ
Nunan, D. (2004). Task-based language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
https://books.google.com/books?id=wBKoWKodDk0C
Oliver, R., Philp, J., & Mackey, A. (2008). The impact of teacher input, guidance and feedback on ESL children’s task-based interactions. In J. Philp, R. Oliver, & A. Mackey (Eds.), Second language acquisition and the younger learner: Child’s play? (pp. 131–147). John Benjamins.
https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.23.09oli
Pinter, A. (2017). Teaching young language learners (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com/books?id=0BvzDQAAQBAJ
Plass, J. L., Homer, B. D., & Kinzer, C. K. (2015). Foundations of game-based learning. Educational Psychologist, 50(4), 258–283.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2015.1122533
Richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge University Press.
https://www.professorjackrichards.com/wp-content/uploads/Richards-Communicative-Language.pdf
Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32, 77–112.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Campoverde López Johnny Segundo, Josué Reinaldo Bonilla Tenesaca (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

